He produced a very accurate radio-telemetry capsule, transmitting at KHz, to measure pressure waves in the small intestine and in patients with diarrhea. Jacobson subsequently developed a tracking system for mapping the position of the device as it passed through the body, and he also developed a capsule for measuring acidity in the stomach and small intestine. Eventually, this work was taken up by other researchers who developed pills for measuring a wide range of variables, including pressure in the urinary bladder and body temperature.
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Sign up for Nature Briefing. For what purpose pacemaker is used? Pacemaker is an electrical pulse generator for starting and for maintaining the normal heart beat. When does heart block occurs? Heart block occurs when the internal electro conduction system of heart is interrupted.
What is counter shock? The phenomenon of application of an electrical shock to resynchronize the heart is known as counter shock. What is meant by defibrillation? Ventricular fibrillation can be converted into a more efficient rhythm by applying a high energy shock to the heart. This sudden surge across the heart causes all muscle fibers to contract simultaneously. The fibres may then respond to normal physicological pace making pulses. The instrument administering the shock is known as defibrillator.
This process is known as defibrillation. What is meant by diathermy? List the types of diathermy. The types of diathermy are i Short wave diathermy ii Microwave diathermy iii Ultrasonic diathermy iv Surgical diathermy 3.
What are the two methods of shortwave diathermy? The two methods of shortwave diathermy are i Capacitive method ii Inductive method 4. What is condenser method of shortwave diathermy? They are placed on the body so that the portion of the body sandwiched between them acts as dielectric of the capacitor. What is the different electro surgery techniques used in diathermy unit? Desiccation - The needle point electrodes are struck into the tissue and kept steady while passing electric current.
This creates a high local increase in heat and drying of tissues takes place. Electrotomy - When the electrode is kept above the skin, an electrical arc is sent. The heat developed produces a wedge shaped narrow cutting of the tissue on the surface. Coagulation - When the electrode is kept near the skin, high frequency current is sent through the tissue in the form of bursts and heating it locally so that it coagulates from inside 6.
What is the modulation techniques used for biotelemetry? Mention the reason for adopting that modulation scheme. The sub modulators can be a FM frequency modulation system. What are the advantages of biotelemetry system? Specify the frequencies used for biotelemetry.
Two modulators are used here. A lower frequency sub-carrier is employed in addition to very- high frequency VHF. This transmits the signal from the transmitter. What is microwave diathermy? Typically, the frequency used is Prepared by Dr. Heating effect is produced by the absorption of the microwaves in the region of the body under treatment. What is the principle of ultrasonic diathermy?
In this method, the heating effect is produced because of the ultrasonic energy absorption property of the tissues. The amount of energy absorbed by the tissues is depending upon the frequency of ultrasonic waves from a conventional crystal oscillator. What are the advantages diathermies? What are the different types of current that are used for medical applications? The different types of current are Threshold current, pain current, let-go current, paralysis current, fibrillation and defibrillation current.
What are the applications of Bio-Telemetry? Although virtually any physiological signal could be transmitted, application is typically limited to cardiac monitoring. What are the choices of radio carrier frequency for medical telemetry purpose? Draw the block diagram of biotelemetry system. Give the design of biotelemetry system. Design of a Bio-telemetry system are i The telemetry system should be selected to transmit the bioelectric signals with maximum fidelity and simplicity.
List the uses of Bio-telemetry. Uses of bio-telemetry are i Biotelemetry helps us to record the biosignals over long periods and while the patient is engaged in his normal activities. List the methods of classification of telemetry system.
The Methods of classification of telemetry system: i On the basis of the characteristics of electric signal such as voltage current position frequency and pulse ii Based on form of data transmitted —analog and digital iii Based on transmission of distance —short distance type or long distance type iv Based on whether user has control over transmission channel or not.
List the types of modulations used in bio-telemetry systems. Three types of modulations are used in bio-telemetry systems. They are Amplitude modulation: In this type of modulation the amplitude of the carrier is varied in accordance with the signal to be transmitted. Frequency modulation: In this type of modulation the instantaneous frequency of the carrier is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the modulating signal.
Phase modulation: Here phase angle is varied in accordance to be transmitted signal. What is a radio-pill? With the help of radio pill type devices, it is possible for us to measure or sense temperature, pH, enzyme activity, and oxygen tension values. These measurements can be made in associated with transducers. Pressure can be sensed by using variable inductance, temperature can be measured by using temperature-sensitive transducer.
How telemetry can be used in transmitting stimulus signals to a patient? If an electrode is surgically implanted and connected to dead nerve endings, an electrical impulse can sometimes cause the nerves to function as once they did. If a miniature receiver is implanted subcutaneously, the electrical signal can be generated remotely and transmitted to the patient. This point brings up the possibility of using telemetry therapeutically.
What is the use of laparoscope? The laparoscope is used for analyzing abdominal related diseases and to perform operations in the abdominal region. What is the purpose of using resuscitation unit? Resuscitation unit is generally used in intensive care unit ICU. In modern hospitals the resuscitation units are in the form of a mobile trolley. What are the two methods of pulse measurement? The methods used for measuring pulse are transmittance and reflectance methods.
How do insulin pump works? A pump also replaces the need for multiple daily injections with a continuous insulin infusion, and also helps to improve your blood sugar levels.
Insulin pumps are small, computerized devices that mimic the way the human pancreas works by delivering small doses of short acting insulin continuously basal rate. Is an insulin pump better than injection?
The pump delivers insulin continuously throughout the day, causing fewer sudden highs and lows in blood glucose levels. There will be less needle sticks. You may have one injection hook up every three days versus injections in a three-day period with injection therapy, according to O'Donnell.
What are the disadvantages using an insulin pump? The main disadvantages of pump therapy are: Risk of skin infections at the catheter site. Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis DKA from pump malfunction or absorption problems. Cost: pumps are expensive, plus the continuing cost of supplies. State the applications of telemedicine. List out the three main categories of telemedicine. The main categories of telemedicine are: i Remote patient monitoring - allows patients with chronic diseases to be monitored in their homes through the use of devices that collect data about blood sugar levels, blood pressure or other vital signs.
The data can be reviewed instantly by remote caregivers. Such sessions can be conducted in the patient's home or in a nearby medical facility. Write the advantages of telemedicine. Advantages of telemedicine are : i Telemedicine can be beneficial to patients living in isolated communities and remote regions, who can receive care from doctors or specialists far away without the patient having to travel to visit them.
Write the disadvantage of telemedicine. Disadvantage of telemedicine: Major disadvantage of telemedicine is the inability to start treatment immediately. For example, a patient suffering from a bacterial infection might be given an antibiotic hypodermic injection in the clinic, and observed for any reaction, before that antibiotic is prescribed in pill form.
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